Crossing Schemes

A crossbreeding program must be well planned and organized and should utilize the best bulls from breeds which match the dairy farmer’s wishes. Before starting crossbreeding it is wise to set up a well prepared crossing scheme. With our knowledge and expertise we set up a plan based on your conditions and future plans. We will be monitoring the results and keep on advising you and where necessary adjust and improve the given advices. Â

2way Cross

Also known as the TwoPlus concept. This combines Holstein with a second breed. In New Zealand this system is partly used with Holstein and Jersey resulting in the ‘Kiwi-cross’ with various percentages Holstein- and Jerseygenes. In Ireland, Germany and Canada the more robust Norwegian Red is used in a 2way cross. Every generation you rotate the breed, this is also called crisscrossing. This means the extent of heterosis drops to 50% in the 2^nd generation and levelling of at 66%. Advantage is that the system is simple. Disadvantage is the lower continued heterosis.   Â

3way Cross

Capturing and sustaining heterosis is a key part to an efficient crossbreeding program. Once you have gotten used to the extra bonus of heterosis you don’t want it to drop too low. A 3way cross dips in the 3^rd generation to 75% and levels out at 86%. A system of 4 breeds even results in an higher heterosis on average of 93% but it is hard to find 4 competitive, unrelated breeds. A 3-breed rotation is the easiest to achieve and also averages at a high heterosis level. Using three breeds implicates that the right advice is of even more importance! Â

Scandinavian Red x Fleckvieh x Holstein: example of succesful 3way crossbreds in The Netherlands

Crossing into new breed

Crossing into a new breed will change your current breed (mainly Holstein) totally into the new breed in a few generations. When chosen for this way of crossing the new breed should fit best within your conditions. This option is lesser advised and mainly used in Germany with Holstein herds turned into Fleckvieh herds. Main reason for these farmers is to profit from the strong demand for Fleckvieh heifers for export. Great disadvantage is the loose of heterosis. You will get the benefits of the new breed but also the problems. Before choosing for this way of crossing you should seek good advice on the advantages and disadvantages of all appropriate breeds. Xsires can be your partner regarding the fact we supply all breeds for crossing and house the knowledge of those breeds. Â